Prince Philip, In His Own Words: We Need To ‘Cull’ The Surplus
Population
Printed in The American Almanac, August 25, 1997.
His Royal Virus
Reported by Deutsche Press Agentur (DPA), August, 1988.
In the event that I am reincarnated, I would like to return as a deadly
virus, in order to contribute something to solve overpopulation.
Prince Philip, in his Foreward to If I Were an Animal; United Kingdom,
Robin Clark Ltd., 1986.
I just wonder what it would be like to be reincarnated in an animal
whose species had been so reduced in numbers than it was in danger of
extinction. What would be its feelings toward the human species whose
population explosion had denied it somewhere to exist…. I must
confess that I am tempted to ask for reincarnation as a particularly
deadly virus.
Press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on the
occasion of the “Caring for Creation” conference of the North
American Conference on Religion and Ecology, May 18, 1990.
It is now apparent that the ecological pragmatism of the so-called
pagan religions, such as that of the American Indians, the Polynesians,
and the Australian Aborigines, was a great deal more realistic in terms
of conservation ethics than the more intellectual monotheistic
philosophies of the revealed religions.
Address on Receiving Honorary Degree from the University of Western
Ontario, Canada, July 1, 1983.
For example, the World Health Organization Project, designed to
eradicate malaria from Sri Lanka in the postwar years, achieved its
purpose. But the problem today is that Sri Lanka must feed three times
as many mouths, find three times as many jobs, provide three times the
housing, energy, schools, hospitals and land for settlement in order to
maintain the same standards. Little wonder the natural environment and
wildlife in Sri Lanka has suffered. The fact [is] … that the
best-intentioned aid programs are at least partially responsible for
the problems.
Preface to Down to Earth by HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 1988,
p.|8.
I don’t claim to have any special interest in natural history, but as a
boy I was made aware of the annual fluctuations in the number of game
animals and the need to adjust the “cull” to the size of the surplus
population.
Lecture to the European Council of International Schools. Montreaux,
Switzerland, Nov. 14, 1986.
The great difficulty about “life” is that we humans are part of it,
and it is therefore almost impossible to study objectively…. It
therefore tends to be anthropocentric and gives scant attention to the
welfare of all the other life-forms which share this planet with us.
…|When the Bible says that man shall have “dominion” over God’s
creation, the choice is between understanding dominion as in “having
power over,” or dominion as “having responsibility for.”
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Don’t Interfere with the Balance of Nature
Once you have interfered with the balance of nature it becomes
necessary to maintain the balance by artificial means. This means that
some animals have to be killed in the interest of maintaining the
health and viability of the species as a whole as well as the benefit
of other more vulnerable species. Unfortunately there are many people
who object to that sort of thing.
Ecology is not concerned with the fate of individual animals. It
accepts the concept of the exploitation of surplus natural resources
because that is in the way the natural system works, but it must always
be done on the principle of maintaining a sustainable yield…. The
inexorable rule of nature is that if you mess up your environment you
will have to pay a heavy price sooner or later…. Just look around the
globe today and you cannot fail to notice areas which at one time
supported highly successful and civilized populations are either
deserts or they have reverted to jungle. The reason is quite simple:
they over-exploited their natural resources and they paid the price. It
is naive to think that we can escape the same fate for very much
longer. We are only managing to put off the evil hour by frantically
digging up and using mineral resources that can never be renewed. As if
that were not enough, we are polluting the atmosphere, the land and the
waters with every kind of noxious substance. The “greenhouse effect”
alone could well have devastating consequences for all life on earth.
This is a reflection of the duality of man’s brain. The left brain
produces the reasonable answers after objective scientific research,
while the right brain prefers the acceptable and the emotionally
satisfactory answers. How often do people say, “That may be so, but I
prefer to `believe’ or I like to believe … this, that or the other”?
The duality of the brain has created great problems for modern man….
It is … significant that successful engineering makes money. This is
in stark contrast to the supernatural, whether it is religious or
mythological. In the latter cases the truth may be equally certain, but
it is not verifiable, and the outcome of following rules is seldom
predictable. It is, of course, possible to exploit magic and mythology
commercially, but it could hardly be described as a manufacturing
industry….
There is an understandable public pressure for schools and colleges to
concentrate on utilitarian subjects to the exclusion of cultural and
aesthetic development. In other words, the development of the left
brain is given a great deal more attention than that of the right
brain…. The trouble is that neglect of the development of the right
brain leaves it in a state of vacuum…. This means that the right
brain is ready to absorb the first plausible ideas it happens across.
The occult, obscure religious rites, parapsychology, astrology and
similar attractive but irrational notions are sucked into the vacant
space without any discrimination or critical faculty…. I also suspect
that the use of drugs might be seen as a substitute, or short cut, to
filling the vacuum of the right brain….
I mention all this because man’s attitude to nature is partly a
function of the left brain and partly a function of the right brain. It
is easy enough to encourage an emotional concern for nature and the
living world…. Everyone can comprehend the idea of cruelty, very few
can comprehend the extinction of a species.
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"Conflict Between Instinct and Reason"
Fawley Foundation Lecture. Southampton University, Nov. 24, 1967.
The conflict between instinct and reason has reached a critical stage
in man’s affairs, largely because the explosion of facts has revealed
the instincts for what they are and at the same time it has undermined
traditional philosophies and ideologies. The explosion of facts has
effectively altered mankind’s physical and intellectual environment and
when any environment changes, the process of natural selection is
brutal and merciless. “Adapt or die” is as true today as it was in
the beginning.
Introduction to “Exploitation of the Natural System” section of Down
to Earth by HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 1988.
It took about three and a half billion years for life on earth to reach
the state of complexity and diversity that our ancestors knew as
recently as 200 years ago. It has only taken industrial and scientific
man those 200 years to put at risk the whole of the world’s natural
system. It has been estimated that by the year 2000, some 300,000
species of plants and animals will have become extinct, and that the
natural economy, upon which all life depends, will have been seriously
disrupted.
The paradox is that this will have been achieved with the best possible
intentions. The human population must be properly fed, human life must
be preserved and human existence must be made safer and more
comfortable. All these things are obviously highly desirable, but if
their achievement means putting the survival of future generations at
risk, then there is a pressing obligation on present generations to
apply some measure of self-restraint.
Address to Edinburgh University Union, Nov. 24 1969.
We talk about over- and underdeveloped countries; I think a more exact
division might be between underdeveloped and overpopulated. The more
people there are, the more industry and more waste and the more sewage
there is, and therefore the more pollution.
The Fairfield Osborne Lecture, New York, Oct. 1 1980.
If the world pollution situation is not critical at the moment, it is
as certain as anything can be that the situation will become
increasingly intolerable within a very short time. The situation can be
controlled, and even reversed; but it demands cooperation on a scale
and intensity beyond anything achieved so far.
I realize that there are vital causes to be fought for, and I
sympathize with people who work up a passionate concern about the all
too many examples of inhumanity, injustice, and unfairness; but behind
all this hangs a deadly cloud. Still largely unnoticed and
unrecognized, the process of destroying our natural environment is
gathering speed and momentum. If we fail to cope with the challenge,
the other problems will pale into insignificance.
Introduction to “The Population Factor” section of Down to Earth by
HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 1988.
What has been described as the “balance of nature” is simply nature’s
system of self-limitation. Fertility and breeding success create the
surpluses after allowing for the replacement of the losses. Predation,
climatic variation, disease, starvation–and in the case of the
inappropriately named Homo sapiens, wars and terrorism–are the
principal means by which population numbers are kept under some sort of
control.
Viewed dispassionately, it must be obvious that the world’s human
population has grown to such a size that it is threatening its own
habitat; and it has already succeeded in causing the extinction of
large numbers of wild plant and animal species. Some have simply been
killed off. Others have quietly disappeared, as their habitats have
been taken over or disturbed by human activities.
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Humans are the Greatest Threat to Survival
Interview with HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in People Dec. 21,
1981 titled “Vanishing Breeds Worry Prince Philip, But Not as Much as
Overpopulation.”
Q: What do you consider the leading threat to the environment?
A: Human population growth is probably the single most serious
long-term threat to survival. We’re in for a major disaster if it isn’t
curbed–not just for the natural world, but for the human world. The
more people there are, the more resources they’ll consume, the more
pollution they’ll create, the more fighting they will do. We have no
option. If it isn’t controlled voluntarily, it will be controlled
involuntarily by an increase in disease, starvation and war.
Address to the Joint Meeting of the All-Party Group on Population and
Development and the All-Party Conservation Committee in London, March
11, 1987.
I do believe … that human population pressure–the sheer number of
people on this planet–is the single most important cause of the
degradation of the natural environment, of the progressive extinction
of wild species of plants and animals, and of the destabilization of
the world’s climatic and atmospheric systems.
The simple fact is that the human population of the world is consuming
natural renewable resources faster than it can regenerate, and the
process of exploitation is causing even further damage. If this is
already happening with a population of 4 billion, I ask you to imagine
what things will be like when the population reaches six and then 10
billion…. All this has been made possible by the industrial
revolution and the scientific explosion and it is spread around the
world by the new economic religion of development.
Address at the Salford University Degree Ceremony, July 16, 1973.
There may be disagreements about the time scale, but in principle there
can be little doubt that the population cannot go on increasing
indefinitely. Resources presently being used will not last for ever and
pollution in its broadest sense, unless severely checked, is bound to
increase with population and industrial activity.
Address to All-Party Conservation Committee in London, Feb. 18, 1981.
I suspect that the single most important gift of progress to
conservation has been the development of human contraception
techniques.
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The survival of the "most important"
Interview with HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in People
magazine, Dec. 21, 1981 titled “Vanishing Breeds Worry Prince Philip,
But Not as Much as Overpopulation.
Q: Is birth control part of the solution?
A: Yes, but you can’t legislate these problems away. You’ve got to get
people to understand the need for it: the more important people, the
ones who have responsibilities have got to do it because they’re at the
receiving end. They’ve got to accept the measures.
The Chancellor’s Lecture, Salford University, June 4, 1982.
As long ago as 1798, Malthus explained what happens when the factors
limiting the increase in any population are removed. One of the factors
noticed by Darwin was that all species are capable of producing vastly
greater populations than can be sustained by existing resources;
populations did not increase at the rate at which they are capable was
the basis for his theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
The relevance to natural selection of this capacity for overproduction
is that as each individual is slightly different to all the others it
is probable that under natural conditions those individuals which
happen to be best adapted to the prevailing circumstances have a better
chance of survival. Well, so what? Well, take a look at the figures for
the human population of this world. One hundred fifty years ago it
stood at about 1,000 million or in common parlance today, 1 billion. It
then took about a 100 years to double to 2 billion. It took 30 years to
add the third billion and 15 years to reach today’s total of 4.4
billion. With a present world average rate of growth of 1.8%, the total
population by the year 2000 will have increased to an estimated 6
billion and in that and in subsequent years 100 million people will be
added to the world population each year. In fact it could be as much as
16 billion by 2045. As a consequence the demand on resources of land
alone will mean a third less farm land available and the destruction of
half of the present area of productive tropical forest. Bearing in mind
the constant reduction of non-renewable resources, there is a strong
possibility of growing scarcity and reduction of standards. More people
consume more resources. It is as simple as that; and transferring
resources and standards from the richer to the poorer countries can
only have a marginal effect in the face of this massive increase in the
world population.
Speech at the Margaret Pyke Memorial Trust Dinner in London, Dec. 14
1983.
So long as they [birth control methods] … remained taboo subjects the
chances of making any impression on the human population explosion were
that much more remote.
In the introduction to the IUCN Red Data Books which list all animals
and plants under threat of extinction, it says that virtually
everywhere the major threat to a wild species is loss of habitat to a
rapidly increasing human population requiring more space in order to
build villages and cities and grow more food. But starvation and
poverty cannot be eradicated solely by increased food and resources at
the expense of what remains of the natural world. Any increase in the
provision of food and resources must be accompanied by a drastic
reduction in the rate of increase in the human population.
Address on Receiving Honorary Degree from the University of Western
Ontario, Canada, July 1, 1983.
The industrial revolution sparked the scientific revolution and brought
in its wake better public hygiene, better medical care and yet more
efficient agriculture. The consequence was a population explosion which
still continues today.
The sad fact is that, instead of the same number of people being very
much better off, more than twice as many people are just as badly off
as they were before. Unfortunately all this well-intentioned
development has resulted in an ecological disaster of immense
proportions.
The Chancellor’s Lecture, Salford University, June 4, 1982.
The object of the WWF is to “conserve” the system as a whole; not to
prevent the killing of individual animals. Those who are concerned
about their conservation of nature accept that all species are prey to
some other species. They accept that most species produce a surplus
that is capable of being culled without in any way threatening the
survival of the species as a whole.
A Question of Balance by HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Michael
Russel (Publishing) Ltd., 1982.
It is curious how many philosophers from Plato to Keynes’ time have
believed in and advocated the control of society by “philosopher
kings.” According to Plato, “its kings must be those who have shown
the greatest ability in philosophy,” but–realistically–he added,
“and the greatest aptitude for war.” Such people may exist in the
imagination and occasionally someone with the necessary qualities may
briefly dominate the stage of history, but it is a naive appreciation
of human nature to imagine that such processed paragons can be invested
with the necessary powers and not be tempted to take advantage of their
situation.